Chapter 10 – Ethics of it Organization

VIGNETTE “Problems with Suppliers”

1. How can an organization ensure that all the members of its supply chain will behave ethically?

1. Create guidelines for your suppliers


For the best results, communicate your policy as much as possible: identify employees such as buyers or managers who will need training - but ensure the policy is available to all your staff so they know exactly how you manage your supply chain.

2. Look out for suppliers' credentials

Take a look at the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI), Business in the Community (BITC) and Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) websites as well - all four feature lists of members with socially responsible credentials.

3. Waste

Making your supply chain ethical isn't all fair wages and eliminating child labour - how the chain deals with its waste is equally important. Ask your suppliers to cut down on unnecessary packaging - particularly if it's plastic - or look at more sustainable alternatives. The government's Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) has made a voluntary agreement, called the Courtauld Commitment, with a range of British retailers, to cut down on waste. Its website lists targets and timescales supply chains should be aiming for.

Source: 


http://www.smarta.com/advice/suppliers-and-trade/business-suppliers/three-ideas-make-your-supply-chain-more-ethical

2. What responsibility does an organization have to ensure that its suppliers and business partners behave ethically?

 In business two major proponents are dealing with, the Suppliers and the customers as bound in business cycle world. Suppliers create a good relation to customer by providing cost reductions, quality improvements, increasing operation flexible to user and highly competitive strategies among others. Customers held to response with the related suppliers will also be able to create a more responsive supply chain that possible indeed in related matter.

 Case Study 1 – The Census Bureau’s Outsourcing Debacle

1.  After many year of conducting successful IT projects, why did the Census Bureau decide to outsource creation of the FDCA system to automate the collection of field data?

It is used to outsource to save taxpayer $ 1 billion and now raised to the total cost of conduction census from $ 11.5 to $ 14.5 billion.

2.  Go to Harris Corporation website (www.harris.com) to gain an understanding of the broad range of projects that Harris is working on for the U.S government. Do you think it is appropriate that the government continues to spend much money with this firm based on the Census Bureau experience? Why or why not.

Yes, Harris is an international communications and information technology company serving government and commercial markets in more than 150 countries. Headquartered in Melbourne, Florida, the company has approximately $6 billion of annual revenue and about 17,000 employees - including nearly 7,000 engineers and scientists.

3. Make a list of three key principles of successful outsourcing of IT projects, based on the Census Bureau’s experience.

The TIGER database which use to automated access and retrieval of relevant geographic information about the U.S and its territories.


The MAF database which contained a more complete listing of housing units.


DRIS which used to tabulating and summarizing the result of the data.

Case Study 2 – American Engineer Blows the Whistle on Airbus’ Superjumbo A380

1. Discuss the importance of redundancy to such safety-critical systems as the Airbus A380’s cabin.

Redundancy may cause to the user hard to understand the system that may lead to unwanted problems. It is necessary to do review and do repeated testing as base to Airbus cabin safety-critical issues must be evaluated in order the Airbus system will not be malfunctioning.

2.  If TTTech were located in Kansas City rather than Vienna, what protection would Joseph Mangan receive a whistle-blower?

Joseph Mangan will definitely protected and somehow EASA and FAA will response and do certain inspection if it is true about as what he discovered regarding to the chips that executing unpredictable commands.

3. Mangan risked a year in jail and went bankrupt trying to convince people problem. If he were simply disgruntled employee, there are many ways he could do damage without putting himself under such pressure. Is it possible that there was a problem and that Mangan’s actions forced TTTech to address and fix it before EASA and the FAA discovered it themselves?

Yes, there was a problem as Mangan discovered that may it may cause the failure of all four valves as redundant and crash 555jetliner seat. TTTech were the one let Mangan risked in jail after EASA concluded the TTTech chip was unacceptable and would have to be fix before it receive certification for A380.

Case Study 3 – Manufacturers Compete on Green Computing

1. How have green computing efforts lowered the total cost of computer ownership?

It will help reduced the power consumption of every computer and it is eco-friendly to use.

2. Which approach can yield greater benefits – building greener computers or implementing programs that change user’s behavior so that they operate their computers in a more responsible manner? Explain your response.

I think both because this two will help not just for human but also to Mother Nature to lessen the carbon emissions.

3. Do research at the EPEAT website and determine which computer manufacturer currently has the best green computing rating.

Lenovo has taken a major leap forward in green computing across multiple areas including eco-friendly material selection, energy efficiency, product packaging, product end-of-life disposal and product recycling. Lenovo is also working hard to reduce its own environmental impact while providing environmentally-responsible, energy-efficient technology choices to the world’s PC users

  Source:

http://shop.lenovo.com/ISS_Static/WW/EMEA/merchandising/sitelets/Lenovo-Green/en/Green-White_paper_ONLINE.pdf

Chapter 9 – Social Networking

VIGNETTE " Twitter Emerges as News Source for Iran protesters"

1. Many people question the value of Twitter’s goal of helping people stay connected in real time. Do the events in Iran illustrate the potential value to society of social networking tools such as Twitter? Are there other ways that Twitter and other social networks could be used by people and organizations to add real value?

 This definition is particularly important online, where trust is required by a variety of interactions, frequently ones with unknown or new parties, such as the development of relationships and online marketing (where it is easier to get individuals to make purchases from a trusted party). Anonymity may encourage a more rapid degree of adherence to group norms, through the social identity model of individuation effects, meaning groups may actually benefit from anonymous participants. The Internet makes it difficult to determine identity and intentions, which makes investigations of trust particularly important in

the online space. Because online communication is frequently anonymous, asynchronous, and different-place, the risks to deception being caught are few, and deceptive behavior online is considered to be more common than offline.

2. How trustworthy is the information one gleans from social networks such as Twitter?

The boom of Twitter in social networking side brings a lot of issues regarding to information and how reliable or even privacy concern. By the time it was patronize by mass media several cons and pros are debating regards of how trustworthy by means of information is relevant to the people.

Case Study 1 – Cyber bullying Result in Death

1. Do you believe that knowingly violating the terms of a Website’s services agreement should be punishable as a serious crime, with the potential penalties of substantial fines and jail time? Why or why not?

Yes, it is a serious crime who violate the term of website services agreement. To avoid worst case scenario it should be provoke to those who commit crime and implement substantial fines and jail.

2.  Imagine that you are the defense counsel for Lore Drew. Present your strongest argument for why your defendant should not be convicted for violation of Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Now imagine that you are the prosecutor. Present your strongest argument for why Drew should be convicted. Which argument do you believe is stronger?

I’ll believe that prosecutor has a strongest argument that Drew should be convicted, base on what are the terms and condition that they accept in creating a fake Josh Evans profile which may lead the death of Megan. 

3.  Do you think that Lori Drew was responsible for Megan’s death? Do you think that justice was served in this case? Should new laws be created to address similar future cases?

Yes, she’s the one who encourage to Grill to create fake profile and to prove that she’s behind the Josh Evans account. Not so, due to small amount of fine compare to the death cause of bullying. Yes, it must be, new laws should be created in term of what the demand of technology to human were there will be also counter part of responsibilities to actions committed.

  

Case Study 2 – Kaboodle – A Successful Social Shopping Web Site

1.  Register as a new user at Kabooble (it’s free) and experiment with the social shopping website. Briefly summarize how easy or difficult was to join, discover products you were interested in, create a list, use the “Add to Kaboodle” button, and look at similar list created by other members.

It is easy to join as long as you follow the requirements they need. Much of the list have some similarities with you use Add to Kaboodle the list you create and other member can easily copy just viewing and clicking to add to the list.

2. Based on your experience, what recommendations for improvements or new features do you have?

The interface of the website regarding to the scheme it’s so girly  , functionality in terms of creating a list, and the information of ever members must be have an option whether they wanted to be public of private.

3. Would you expect the number of members in social shopping website to continue to grow over the next few years? Why or why not.

Yes, it is a convenient way to shop and most people hobbies are shopping of new product that is hit in the market. As base on the evaluation in definitely increase the number of member who patronize this shopping website.  

  

Case Study 3 – Social Networking Disaster for Domino’s

1. Some observers believe that if an organization does not respond to an attack on its brand within the first 24 hours, then the damage has been done – lack of management response is judged as an admission of guilt. Others feel that some time is required to gather facts and figure out what happened before responding. With the advantage of 20/20 hindsight, how might Domino’s have reacted more effectively?

Domino’s were not so updated with regards to the social media have. They just found out with someone commented on their blog. The damage has been totally done. And customers who viewed the posted video eventually alarm and decided not to eat pizza at Domino’s. As the issues have been on air their response and apology are already too late.

2.  Do you find it unusual that Domino’s response was primarily through the online media rather than the usual printed press release? Does this seem an effective and appropriate way to respond under these circumstances? Why or why not? Does Domino’s of the online media set a precedent for others to follow in the future?

Yes, it is powerful way to response through the use of online media were do their customer and people nowadays are always updated. Yes it is effective and appropriate way to responds like were this thing started. Maybe it will help do to get back what damage is done to them.

3.  Identify three lessons that other companies could learn from Domino’s experience.

First always be updated thru want is happening to your surroundings, then response as early as you could when uncertain issues happened and check how liable and honest your employees to your company. 

Chapter 8 – Impact of Information technology on Productivity and Quality Life

VIGNETTE “Western Cape Striving To Eliminate the Digital Divide”

1. How important is access to ICT in children’s education?

Children are less likely to be intimidated by, or afraid of ICT than are most adults. They often approach ICT with keenness and curiosity and thus, may quickly become adept at operating the technology. Therefore, if managed effectively, it may be seen as a suitable and motivating tool for teaching and learning

Source: 

http://www.dorset.rmplc.co.uk/tanvq/Why%20is%20ICT%20important%20for%20children_files/frame.htm 

2. What are the barriers that stand in the way of universal access to ICT for everyone 

     who wants it? 

  

To be educated and make it as a good example to be assure that children also adopt knowledge as how they grow, developing the skills and finding a way to be progress in learning.

Case Study 1 – IT Enables a Smarter Power Grid

1.  What do you see as the major advantages of implementing a smart power grid?

It has a major advantage like power consumer and power provider will have control over power consumption, all consumer can manage the power that will be use to their appliances it also sustainable to wind and solar generators.

2.  What are the key issues and barriers associated with implementation of a smart power grid?

The costs, benefits, value proposition to the customers, implementation, and deployment.

3.  If the government provides much of the money required to implement a smart power grid, does that give it a right to control how the power grid is operated?

Yes, by supporting Smart Grid it is easy to control the power which the consumer consumption every day.

Case Study 2 – Does IT investment Pay Off?

1. Apart from the annual rate of output per worker, what are other ways of measuring labor productivity?

The profit of every product were also a labor productivity, the ideas and innovate that every labor shared are somehow measures as a productivity.

2. What factors determine whether a new information system will increase or decrease labor productivity?

If it is in progress condition, in implementing new information system it is easily identify whether the productivity are increasing or decreasing.

3. Why is it so difficult to determine whether IT has increased labor productivity?

In IT business it is difficult to determine, many of competence who still do business as what others do. And technology has the fastest approach to the consumer nowadays, what is in for today and tomorrow it will be a junk or old one. And somehow a lot of issues will strive and criticize your business which may lead to determine whether it is productive or not.

  

Case Study 3 – Technological Advances Create Digital Divide in Health Care

1. Can you provide examples that either refute or confirm the idea that a gap exists between the kinds of healthcare services available to the wealthy and poor in the United States?

 Inequality in economic resources is a natural but not altogether attractive feature of a free society. [ As health care becomes an ever larger share of the economy, we will have no choice but to struggle with the questions of how far we should allow such inequality to extend and what restrictions on our liberty we should endure in the name of fairness."At its root, the lack of health care for all in America is fundamentally a moral issue. The United States is the only industrialized nation that does not have some form of universal health care (defined as a basic guarantee of health care to all of its citizens). While other countries have declared health care to be a basic right, the United States treats health care as a privilege, only available to those who can afford it... Americans purport to believe in equal opportunity. Yet, in the current situation, those who do not have health care are at risk for financial ruin and poorer health, both of which disadvantage them in society and thereby do not give them equal opportunity...

Source:

                      http://healthcare.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001602 ] 

2. Should healthcare organizations make major investments in telemedicine to provide improved services that only the wealthy can afford?

They should be if they can handle various issues regards to developing telemedicine, and somehow only few certain people can afford it that may lead to closure of investment.

3. What are the drawbacks of telemedicine? What situations might not lend themselves to telemedicine solutions?

Its easy part of those patients who monitor their health situation it’s somehow applicable to decrease their annual patient cost but for those people who can’t afford telemedicine might have gap to their healthcare.

Chapter 7 – Software Development

VIGNETTE “Boeing Dreamliner Faces A Few Bumps in the Road”

1. Is this example of software problems holding up the introduction of a major new product and impacting a firm’s customers and suppliers unusual, or is it a common occurrence?


Yes, somehow there's a software who's in operable condition while others are in defect process, thou major evaluating the products it help to develop and ease major problems that might cause a effect to the customers.   

2. What can organization do to reduce the negative consequences of software development problems in the production of their products and operation of their business processes and facilities.

Thou examines and following standards which may cause a good quality products, developing process may conducting several testing and reviewing in part of documents, to secure the products that is reliable to the customers and free from defect to avoid risky problems during manufacturing until supplying.

Case Study 1 – Computer Problems at WellPoint Have Serious Impact

1.  “The computer system did it” is an easy excuse for a multitude problem. Clearly WellPoint’s system consolidation effort went poorly but it is fair to say that this incident raises other more fundamental areas of concern about the management of WellPoint?

These issues are cause to improper management of each data and unprofessionalism of the people who’s handling the data and information of each client that may lead to multitude problems and might cause the failure of each and anyone. 

2.  What can be done to improve the quality of information technology projects at healthcare organizations? Should such system efforts be classified as safety-critical systems and be subjected to more rigorous implementation standards and processes? Should there be oversight of such efforts by either the government or the industry organization?

Proper organized of the data of each client and must have an integrate database which is reliable always to the user to avoid unwanted problems might happen. Yes, it should be classified as safety-critical systems it is a risky part not just to their client but also for the user, WellPoint must undergo to a lot of process and follow standardization to produce a system that is reliable and operable. Yes, there must be oversight in industry organization, when certain thing happened like what issues given all are totally affected. 

3. Implementation of electronic healthcare records is a national priority, and much emphasis is being place in the importance of adopting new information technology. Meanwhile, the fundamental processing systems are falling into disappear. How should healthcare organizations such as WellPoint prioritize their scarce resources?   

Before implementation, first must go to planning, by this part WellPoint knew the way to handle insufficient resources and evaluate which they prioritize first to be able to secure and inter-connected to every client they have.

Case Study 2 – Prius Plagued by Programming Error

1. Do you agree with NHTSA’s assessment that problem with Prius was not a safety-critical issue? In such case, who should decide whether a software bug creates a safety-critical issue-the manufacturer, consumers, government agencies, or some group?

No, it is a safety-critical issue, all system that have been produced and implement must be free from any error it is harmful to use defect system or product and it must undergo to different process and testing to be reliable to the user to avoid risky things. The manufacturer must be liable for the software they produce and they the one who is responsible if there are even single defect that will encountered.

2.  How would the issue have been handled differently if it had been safety-critical matter? Would it have been handled differently if the costs involved hadn’t been so great?

As much concern to the prior of the user, possible test and reviewing safety-critical software matter must be prioritize. Possible problems or risk may encounter manufacturer especially developer will shoulder the issues. It’s better to be sure than to avoid huge amount of costs will expend, safety first life is priceless.

3. As the amount of hardware and software embedded in the average car continues to grow, what steps can automakers take to minimize warranty claims and ensure customer safety?  

  

Is better to produced a reliable and undergo to certain process to assure the product are in good condition and it is better to produced product with a certified standardization license approval to ensure the customer safety.

Case Study 3 – Patriot Missile Failure

1. With the benefits of hindsight, what steps could have been taken during development of the Patriot software to avoid the problems that lead to the loss of life? Do you think that these steps would have improved the Patriot’s effectiveness enough to make it obvious that the missile was a strong deterrent against the Scud? Why or why not?

It must be reliable to the person who use, certified and pass to every Quality Assurance testing and it is undergo to ISO standardization. Yes by this part of overall effective testing and totally sealed to be as standard as compare top other missile.

2.  What ethical decisions do you think the U.S. military made in choosing to deploy the Patriot missile to Israel and Saudi Arabia and reporting the effectiveness of the Patriot system?

God bless America they love war; I think ethically they do process and testing to avoid another incident happened that will kill another U.S armies. Thru deploying missile is much effective as what as the radar and the missile are liable to communicate in certain action.

3. What key lessons from this example of safety-critical software development could be applied to the development of business information system software?

Safety-critical software must test and review as possible as could be. By this part it is necessary to evaluate the software and to know the better result, each progress must be recorded and examine to assure that there is no defect on software to release.

Chapter 6 – Intellectual Property

VIGNETTE “RIAA Fights Music Piracy”

1. Is the RIAA’s strong stand on copyright infringement helping or hurting the music recording industry?

It will help the music industry to prevent producing of illegal and pirated Copies of CD's and DVD's. The role of RIAA is helpful to among artist to protect the rights they have via intellectual property and First Amendment rights of both artist and music industry.

2. Could an ISP’s implementation and enforcement of the RIAA’s multitier strategy have a negative impact on the ISP?

Action regards to Internet industry were musician and artist are effected, RIAA says that the music industry has fully embraced the Internet as a major channel for distribution to consumers. The group has called on the Federal Communications Commission actions thou eliminate illegal downloads of copyrighted works and any illegal activities through internet.

Case Study 1 - Intellectual Property and the War over Software Maintenance

1.  According to Oracle, how was TomorrowNow violating intellectual property law?

TomorrowNow purportedly downloaded copyrighted material containing software updates, patches, bug fixes, and instructions for PeopleSoft and JD Edwards products. Downloaded an extensive collection of Oracle’s copyrighted software and support materials onto SAP computers. “Non-production” copies of People-Soft software to develop support solutions. Using expired and soon-to-be-expiring passwords were retrieving information and code from every library on the Web site with much greater frequency than usual. Downloading thousands of documents from Oracle’s Customer Connection Web site in late 2006 and early 2007.

2. Why do you think Oracle sued SAP?

Oracle includes SAP to the list of the violators and Oracle think that SAP already knew of these improprieties when it purchased TomorrowNow.

3. What do you think should be done, if anything, to open the maintenance contact market to third-party contactors?

I rather be open with this type of issues happen but as an goal oriented business owner, I better do good legal services offer and much reliable to the customer to avoid unnecessary thing might happened like the issue above.

  

Case Study 2 - Google Book Search Library Project  

1.Do you think that Google should have taken a different approach that would have allowed it to avoid litigation and a lengthy delay in implementing its Books Search Library Project?

Yes, to avoid litigation Google must need to provide a way of appreciation to the author of the books. By not just adapting the so-called book whose author cannot be found but also respecting their intellectual rights and provided then a fair proper benefits.

2.  As a potential user, are you in favor of or do you oppose the Book Search Library Project? Please explain your answer.

Yes, it is a privilege for me if I’m the author of the book to let people read my book/s but they (Google) must first sure to respect my rights as an author of the book according to the business I offer I wanted. It is also an easy way to me as a potential user to read and expand my knowledge in things I wanted to learn to the book search library project.

3.Do you think that the proposed settlement gives Google an unfair advantage to profit from creating online services that allows people to access and search millions of books?

Yes, in part that authors cannot be found or so-called orphan books they will never get to market their published book/s, because potential user could easily access the books they wanted thru the Google and maybe writers/authors might not published a book.  

Case Study 3 - Lotus v. Borland

1. Go to your school’s computer lab or a PC software store and experiment with current version of any two of the Quattro, Excel, or Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet programs. Write a brief paragraph summarizing the similarities and differences in the “look and feel” of these two programs.

As what as I observe there’s a lot of similarities including the functionality are the same. The interface of Excel and Lotus are almost the same the function of the input type in keyboard and mouse are the same. But on the insert bar of lotus are different compare to excel which is intact and lot of functions found on Menu bar to be use. But overall most of them have similarities.

2. The courts took several years to reverse their initial decision and rule in favor of Borland. What impact did this delay have on the software industry? How might things have been different if Borland had received and initial favorable ruling?

In times of suing in court Borland products has affect its sales due to unnecessary things that happened. This kind of issues have a bigger impact to software industry, producer, supplier, consumer are all affected in this part. As a result of these issues it is more challenged to the side of the developers and the supplier to patent process to protect their product in term of copyright protection. Due to lawsuit happened between Borland and Lotus. Borland quit in producing spreadsheet and do other business programming software.

3.Assume that you are the manager of Borland’s software development. With the benefit of hindsight, what different decisions would you have made about Quattro?

Before I will produce the Quattro ill just make sure it is unique and much reliable to use compare to the existing one. And if that suing happened to me, much better that I will sell my product to other company and find a better and innovative side to produce.